Seizures: Spot, Support, Stay Safe

Seizures are sudden electrical disturbances in the brain that vary widely in severity and symptoms. Knowing how to recognize and respond to them can make a crucial difference. This post outlines seizure types, practical first aid, and safety tips for individuals with epilepsy.

What Is a Seizure?

A seizure is an uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that causes changes in movement or consciousness. Depending on the brain area affected, seizures may be brief lapses in awareness or involve severe muscle spasms [5].

While commonly linked to epilepsy, seizures can also result from high fevers, head injuries, or metabolic imbalances. Understanding triggers—like missed medications, sleep deprivation, or stress—is key to effective treatment [5].

Signs and Symptoms of Seizures

Recognizing the type of seizure can guide your response:

Generalized Seizures: Affect both brain sides; symptoms include muscle stiffness, jerking, or loss of consciousness.
Focal Seizures: They originate in one brain area and cause involuntary movements, sensory changes, or déjà vu feelings.
Absence Seizures: Brief lapses in awareness, often seen in children and mistaken for daydreaming (Children’s Health).

How to Help During a Seizure

Stay calm and follow these steps[1]:

Ensure safety by moving dangerous objects away and gently guiding the person to the ground.
Avoid restraining movements or putting objects in their mouth.
Time the seizure. Call 911 if it lasts over 5 minutes or involves multiple episodes.
Protect their head with something soft and roll them on their side to prevent choking.

Post-Seizure Care:

Offer reassurance, ensure they are comfortable, and stay with them until fully alert[1].

Preventing Seizures and Managing Triggers

Lifestyle adjustments can reduce seizure risks:

Take prescribed medications consistently[5].
Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
Manage stress with mindfulness or meditation.
Avoid alcohol and drugs, which can increase seizure likelihood.

Seizures and Driving

Seizures impact driving safety. In Canada, regulations require a seizure-free period (6-12 months) and medical evaluations before driving can be resumed [7]. Always consult provincial guidelines for specific requirements.

Water Safety During Seizures

Seizures in water require immediate action to prevent drowning [2]:
Keep their head above water and airway clear.
Guide them to a safe area and monitor breathing.
Perform CPR if necessary, or place them in the recovery position if breathing resumes.

Creating a Safe Environment for Epilepsy

Safety modifications at home and in public spaces can prevent injuries [4]:

Use non-slip mats and secure kitchen tools in bathrooms.
Opt for low beds or padded rails in bedrooms.
Install gates and proper lighting near stairs.

General Tips

Carry medical ID with emergency contacts.
Inform colleagues or educators about seizure response.
Safety-proof spaces by securing heavy items and adding padding to furniture edges.

By staying informed and prepared, you can support individuals with seizures, enhancing their safety and independence.

The Canadian Epilepsy Alliance (CEA)

American Epilepsy Society

References